This can be done as a part of a routine examination or be requested to confirm or establish a diagnosis 1, 2. Fill a cylinder to its three fourths its hight with urine. Test strips enable basic examination of urine not only in the laboratory, but also directly in the consulting rooms or at patients beds in the hospitals. Lower urinometer gently into the urine and let it float freely. Normally, they are present in trace amount in urine. Basic chemical examination of urine proteins, glucose, ketone bodies, blood and hemoglobin, bilirubin, urobilinogen to see the positive reaction, please use as a sample being tested the imitation of urine positive for the presence of the analyte tested container labeled with the name of the analyte. Findings can be local eg, reflecting kidney inflammation or mass, result from the systemic effects of kidney dysfunction, or affect urination eg, changes in urine itself or in urine production. Volume or quantity colour appearance odour sediment formation specific gravity 1. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Sep 29, 2018 a full and microscopic examination of urine urine feme is an analysis of a urine specimen using biochemical methods as well as examination of a sample using a microscope. Urinalysis is a diagnostic physical, chemical, and. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine are briefly discussed and it is a preparation which is intended. When the body metabolizes fats incompletely, ketones are excreted in the urine resulting in ketonuria.
It is arguably the oldest medical test and marks the beginning of laboratory medicine. Smell the urine immediately after opening the container and report the characteristic smell. Test strips for the determination of urobilinogen, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, proteins, nitrite, ph, blood, specific gravity, leukocytes and ascorbic acid in urine. Urinalysis physical and chemical examination flashcards. Pipette 25 ml of urine sample 5 into a 250 ml conical flask, add to spatula full potassium oxalate powder to precipitate calcium. Collect early morning, midstream urine in a wide neck container and avoid contamination with skin. The concentration of urine is highest in the a morning. The urine is usually just for a general urinalysis. The fascinating history of urine examination request pdf. Separately, these two examinations are sometimes referred to as dipstick, or chemical testing, and microscopic urinalysis. Name 10 routine chemical tests performed on urine and list a condition that will cause an abnormal for each. By using uristix reagent strip for protein,glucose and ketones.
Note the titre value a ml when a permanent pink color appears. A urinalysis or urine examination is utilized as a diagnostic or screening tool due to its ability to detect the components of the urine that are associated to several pathologic conditions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Urine re automated strip test, microscopy physical color specific gravity ph chemical proteins glucose ketones bilirubin urobilinogen leukocyte esterase nitrite microscopy rbc pus cells epithelial cells casts crystals otherspale yellow 1.
The fascinating history of urine examination sciencedirect. Physical examination of the urine urine tests are conducted for numerous health care issues generally performed in hospitals, laboratories, clinics, and various health concern setups. A urinalysis ua is one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. Urine can be collected and examined easily, and presence of certain substances in the urine may indicate the metabolic state of the body. Measure the density specific gravity with urinometer. Completing a written examination successfully, and b. Discussi on tests can be performed on urine samples to detect the presence of certain. The quantity depends on the water intake, external temperature, the diet and the individuals mental and physical condition. Urine microscopic exam procedure method or principle. Urine sediment is the microscopic examination of a centrifuged portion of urine. Mar 25, 2018 physical examination of urine is very useful for diagnostic pathology and its give a gross idea about the types and severity of abnormality. These are narrow plastic strips that hold test pads, arranged in a row.
Examination of urine for normal constituents springerlink. The urinalysis ua is critically important in the diagnosis of renal and urologic diseases. Urinalysis and body fluids, 5th edition microscopic examination of urine chapter 6 urinalysis and body fluids, 5th. Routine urine examination objectives to examine urine for the presence of normal and abnormal constituents by routine urine analysis. To about 5 ml of urine add a few drops of a saturated solution of picric acid. Urine examination routine online booking, disorders of. Urine is the excretory product of the body produced by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The glomerular filtrate of blood plasma is usually acidified by renal tubules and collecting ducts from a ph of 7. Urinalysis is the examination of urine for certain physical properties, solutes, cells, casts, crystals, organisms, or particulate matter. Two common methods of collecting urine are 24hour urine collection. View details of cost of test, pre test information and report availability on dr lal pathlabs. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents dr. Usually, a routine urinalysis consists of the physical and the chemical examinations. Color ranges from colorless to black normal variations due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity abnormal variations due to bleeding, liver dz, infection a.
Urinalysis is a diagnostic physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of a urine sample specimen. Examination of urine, urinalysis, is still important today in evaluation of many pathologic conditions, including diabetes mellitus, infections, renal and inherited diseases. Dr lal pathlabs offers home collection booking service for urine examination routine to test for disorders of kidney. Place the urinometer in the urine and rotate it to prevent is touching the sides or the bottom of the cylinder. Usually they will just check a complete blood count so things like red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocritthings like that. Himil parikh first year resident gcs medical college, ahmedabad guided by dr. Start studying urinalysis physical and chemical examination. Because urinalysis is easy, cheap, and productive, it is recommended as part of the initial examination of all patients and should be repeated as clinically warranted.
Examination of urine has fascinated people since the beginning of recorded history. Aug 30, 2017 presentation on important aspects of urine examination. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents of urine. To 2 ml of urine add 1 ml of bendect reagent, then heated in a boiling water bath for three minutes. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical. Chapter 4 physical examination of urine chapter 4 physical. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. Physical examination of urine is consist of the following tests. Pdf association between urine osmolality and specific. Measure the exact volume of urine and report the same if requested.
Evaluation of the renal patient genitourinary disorders. Urinalysis results, test, definition, interpretation. Twenty four hour urine sample is good for quantitative urinary components estimation. Principles urine is formed in nephrons by the combined processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
When you go for a physical and the doctor takes out blood. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents. The urinary system paired kidneys ureter for each kidney urinary bladder urethra 3 3. Teachingassistant, college of pharmacy,alazhar university,assiut, egypt. Physical examination of urine 10 questions by hananhosny last updated. A brief description will also be given of a way in which it is possible, with 0. Urinary tract infection, cystitis, escherichia coli, leukocyte esterase, nitrite, urinalysis, swine. Other tests are urine culture a microbiological culture of urine and urine electrolyte levels. Urine routine examination is described under the following headings. Evaluation of the reagent test strips and microscopic. Microscopic examination, which identifies and counts the type of cells, casts, crystals, and other components bacteria, mu cous that can be present in urine. Physical examination of urine is very useful for diagnostic pathology and its give a gross idea about the types and severity of abnormality. A full and microscopic examination of urine urine feme is an analysis of a urine specimen using biochemical methods as well as examination of a sample using a microscope. The word is a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis.
Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. General urine examination gue or urinalysis microscopic urinalysis methodology a sample of wellmixed urine usually 1015 ml is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed about 23,000 rpm for 510 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. What marine recruits go through in boot camp earning the title making marines on parris island duration. Take the reading of sg on the scale lowest point of meniscus at the surface of the urine. Examination of small quantities of urine sciencedirect. View notes microscopic exam of urine from cls 305 at saint louis university. The ketone test is based on the development of colors ranging from light pink to maroon when ketones react with nitroprusside. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Introduction urine can be used to look for physical and biochemical abnormalities.
Specimens can be obtained by normal emptying of the bladder voiding or by a hospital procedure called catheterization purpose urinalysis is performed for several reasons. State the specimen of choice for chemical analysis of urine. Experiment 1 physical properties and detection of normal. Substances which are not present in easily detectable amounts in urine of normal healthy individuals but are present in the urine under certain diseased conditions are said to be abnormal constituents of urine. Simple quiz for urinalysis physical examination and possible abnormalities. Performing the procedure for the chemical examination of urine satisfactorily for the instructor.
A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine. Start studying physical examination of urine exam 1. Physical and chemical examination of urine proprofs quiz. The most frequent test performed on urine o for diabetes mellitus normal urine contains only minute amounts of glucose o a normal person may have glycosuria after a meal high in glucose elevated blood glucose may exceed the renal threshold180 mg glucosedl of. Urine analysis is one of the most useful laboratory tests as it identifies a wide range of medical conditions including renal damage, urinary tract infections, diabetes, hypertension and drug toxicity.
Normally, all of the glucose is reabsorbed by tubule and trace amount glucose in urine. Chemical examination the chemical examination of urine is most commonly carried out in the surgery or outpatient clinic, by a nurse, using commercially prepared test strips. They also usually do a metabolic panel which shows your electrolytes sodium, potassium etc and your blood glucose and your cholesterol levels. The application of microscope in the examination of urine sediment during the nineteenth century established urine analysis as an important diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Microscopic examination on urine may be ordered by the physician or may automatically reflex in the presence of chemical. Ketonuria may be present in diabetes and starvation or fasting. In patients with renal disorders, symptoms and signs may be nonspecific, absent until the disorder is severe, or both. Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. Your health care provider will tell you what type of urine sample is needed. All steps must be completed as listed on the instructors performance check. Findings can be local eg, reflecting kidney inflammation or mass, result from the systemic effects of kidney dysfunction, or affect urination.
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